This reply was handed to the deputation at midnight, and the gates of Chartwell were closed for the night. In London, fifty demonstrators who had earlier stated they intended to keep an all-night vigil at No. At one o'clock this morning in Manchester a crowd of two hundred stood quietly outside the offices of the "Manchester Guardian" waiting for news of the Rosenberg executions. The crowd stood in silence until the executions were announced at 1. The news was received in silence, and members of the crowd, most of them men, maintained a two minutes' silence for the Rosenbergs.
Afterwards they moved off to the steps of the Royal Exchange in Cross Street where the meeting pledged itself to continue the fight to clear the name of the Rosenbergs and "to pin the blame where it rightly belongs. A telegram sent earlier to the Queen had asked her to use her influence towards securing a reprieve.
From the Guardian archive US news. Execution of the Rosenbergs — archive, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg during their trial for espionage in New York, Photograph: AP. Sat 20 Jun Eisenhower's statement The last hope of reprieve for the Rosenbergs vanished early this afternoon when President Eisenhower rejected a final appeal for clemency shortly after the Supreme Court had set aside the stay of execution granted by Justice Douglas, one of its own members on Monday.
In July , federal agents arrested Julius Rosenberg. Ethel soon followed a similar fashion — Greenglass testified against her, too, claiming she had been helping Julius in his spying activities. Later Greenglass would recant his testimony, saying he had implicated his sister in order to spare his wife also involved in the espionage from prosecution.
In court, the Rosenbergs, unlike other atomic spies, clung to their claim of innocence, making matters worse for them. Judge Kaufman found them guilty — and in April ordered the death penalty for both, citing the great harm to the country their actions caused. An aerial view after the first atomic explosion at the Trinity Test site, in New Mexico, Then, in the s, the Venona project was declassified.
A decade later Morton Sobell, a former General Electric engineer who was also convicted for spying in , admitted he had been a Soviet agent along with Julius Rosenberg. Questions persisted, though. They admitted that, as the real data from the Venona project remained encrypted and classified, both prosecutors and the judge relied on weak and even bogus evidence to portray the Rosenbergs as guilty. As for Julius, Feklisov said the information he gave Moscow was almost useless.
He maintained his innocence, but with Greenglass agreeing to testify against him, the government appeared to have a solid case. Greenglass claimed he had made notes at Manhattan Project labs at Los Alamos and Ethel had typed them up before the information was passed to the Soviets. The trial of the Rosenbergs was held at the federal courthouse in lower Manhattan in March The government argued that both Julius and Ethel had conspired to pass atomic secrets to Russian agents.
As the Soviet Union had detonated its own atomic bomb in , the public perception was that the Rosenbergs had given away the knowledge that enabled the Russians to build their own bomb. During the trial, there was some skepticism expressed by the defense team that a lowly machinist, David Greenglass, could have supplied any useful information to the Rosenbergs. But even if the information passed along by the spy ring wasn't very useful, the government made a convincing case that the Rosenbergs intended to help the Soviet Union.
And while the Soviet Union had been a wartime ally, in the spring of it was clearly seen as an adversary of the United States. The Rosenberg, along with another suspect in the spy ring, electrical technician Morton Sobell, were found guilty on March 28, According to an article in the New York Times the following day, the jury had deliberated for seven hours and 42 minutes.
The Rosenbergs were sentenced to death by Judge Irving R. Kaufman on April 5, For the next two years they made various attempts to appeal their conviction and sentence, all of which were thwarted in the courts.
Public doubt about the Rosenbergs' trial and the severity of their sentence prompted demonstrations, including large rallies held in New York City. There were serious questions about whether their defense attorney during the trial had made damaging mistakes that led to their conviction. And, given the questions about the value of any material they would have passed to the Soviets, the death penalty seemed excessive. Their final appeal, to the United States Supreme Court, had been denied seven hours before they were executed.
Julius Rosenberg was placed in the electric chair first, and received the first jolt of 2, volts at p. After two subsequent shocks he was declared dead at p.
Ethel Rosenberg followed him to the electric chair immediately after her husband's body had been removed, according to a newspaper story published the next day. She received the first electric shocks at p. She was shocked again, and was finally declared dead at p. David Greenglass, who had testified against his sister and brother-in-law, was sentenced to federal prison and was eventually paroled in When he walked out of federal custody, near the docks of lower Manhattan, on November 16, , he was heckled by longshoreman , who yelled out that he was a "lousy communist" and "a dirty rat.
In the late s, Greenglass, who had changed his name and lived with his family out of public view, spoke to a New York Times reporter. He said the government forced him to testify against his sister by threatening to prosecute his own wife Ruth Greenglass had never been prosecuted. The execution of two human beings is a grave matter. But even graver is the thought of the millions of dead whose deaths may be directly attributable to what these spies have done.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! On June 19, , a long-term anti-poverty demonstration known as Resurrection City reaches its high-water mark. Chinese American Vincent Chin, 27, is beaten in the head with a baseball bat by two white autoworkers in Detroit on June 19, Chin died in a hospital four days later, on June During his bachelor party at a club on the night of June 19, Chin and three friends were In what is now known as Juneteenth, on June 19, , Union soldiers arrive in Galveston, Texas with news that the Civil War is over and slavery in the United States is abolished.
A mix of June and 19th, Juneteenth has become a day to commemorate the end of slavery in America. Two weeks after abdicating the Spanish throne amidst sagging approval ratings, Juan Carlos symbolically removed his red sash—signifying his status as leader of the He was The son of working-class
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